17 June 2007

LISUNG JEUNG HELER

Ku MAMAT SASMITA

Lisung teh hiji alat pikeun nutu pare, lisung sok dipapasangankeun jeung halu. Lisung dijieunna tina tangkal kai gede anu kuat, saterusna dipapras meh ampir jadi masagi tur manjang bari dijieun hiji rohang pikeun tempat pare ditutu, ditilik mah wangunna siga parahu. Ukuran panjangna teu tangtu aya nu nepika 2,5 m ti tungtung ka tungtung, aya oge nu ngan 1,5 m, lebarna kurang leuwih 40 cm.
Sakapeung dina tungtungna sok aya paranti nyosoh beas, wanguna liang meh siga aseupan, atuh dina tungtung lisung sok dihias ku gegelungan.

Di masyarakat Baduy, ngujurna imah nyanghareup ka kidul sabab di kiduleunana aya anu disebut Arca Domas, tempat ayana Arca Domas dianggap tempat anu karamat, tempat anu suci. Saung lisung ngujurna wetan ngulon, jadi tujuanana bisa bae pikeun anu nutu kudu nyanghareup ka kidul, lain ka kaler sabab lamun nutu nyangharup ka kaler hartina nukangan ka beulah kidul, hal ieu dipahing pisan ulah nepi ka nukangan tempat karamat.

Di masarakat sejen diluareun Baduy, lisung sarua dipake, sarua ngabogaan saung lisung. Nu bogana saung lisung lain sosoranganan tapi biasana masyarakat kampung, lobana saung lisung gumantung kana legana kampung jeung lobana anu dumuk didinya. Ngujurna saung lisung euweuh patokanana, kamana bae disaluyukeun jeung kaayaan patempatanana. Unggal warga kampung eta bisa make lisung. Saung lisung lain bae tempat nutu pare tapi jadi tempat sosialisasi, tempat hirup kumbuh papada tatangga. Ngobrol bari jeung silih pikawanoh, boh lanjang boh anu geus kulawargaan, nyaritakeun gosip-gosip sakampung anu gampang nerekab. Papanggihna papada warga kampung diantarana nya disaung lisung. Anu nutu biasana lain lalaki tapi awewe, teu kahalangan sok sanajan bari ngais budak, atawa sakalian mawa ulin budak anu laleutik keneh.
Tempatna saung lisung biasana di sisi kampung, di sisi sawah atawa di sisi balong. Saung lisung sok jadi tempat pangulinan barudak, biasana barudak nu geus hideng tapi encan rumaja, arulin bari nyieun cocooan tina bahan anu aya sabudeureunana, utamana tina tangkal pare sesa dibuat saperti nyieun empet-empetan.
Saung lisung kalan-kalan jadi tempat papanggihna kaum rumaja lalaki jeung awewe nu keur sengserang panon, anu kakara beger, gogonjakan jeung silih keletan, aya kacapangan “moal sieun beakeun pipamajikaneun salila masih keneh trang-tring-trung lisung mah”.

Lisung hiji alat pangahirna (end position) tina siklus hadirna pare tina lalakon panjang anu dimimitian ti tebar binih di pabinihan dina melak pare nyawah saterusna tandur, ngarambet, tunggu, dibuat, nepi ka nyimpen pare dina leuit atawa nyimpen pare dina peti di goah. Kaluarna pare tina lisung geus jadi beas.
Dina prosesi ngalaksanakeun nutu atawa nyosoh alatna lain bae ngan sakadar lisung jeung halu, tapi oge aya nyiru pikeun napi misahkeun antara huut jeung beas, saterusna ngesoh (ngagesoh), misahkeun serah (pare keneh ngan jumhlahna hiji dua) jeung beas. Nyikcrik misahkeun antara beas jeung beunyeur (beas anu bubuk akibat tina ditutu). Prosesi nutu kabiasaannana sakabehna dilaksanakeun ku awewe. Sakali nutu tara loba paling oge keur nyadiakeun beas supaya kapake sapoe atawa dua poe
Jadi lolobana anu datang ka saung lisung teh awewe, saung lisung tempat pikeun sosialisasi awewe, obrolan di saung lisung leuwih nyoko kana obrolan dunya awewe..

Aya tafsiran dina kosmologi Sunda anu nyebutkeun posisi leuit teh dunya awewe sabab sifatna anu leuwih “tertutup”, sedengkeun saung lisung teh dunya lalaki kulantaran leuwih “terbuka”. Dina prakprakan kanyataannana leuit leuwih didominasi ku lalaki, ti mimiti ngunjal pare ti sawah tug nepi ka nyimpen pare dina leuit, malah aya anu nyebutkeun awewe dipantrang pisan asup kana leuit.
Sedengkeun awewe leuwih loba aya di saung lisung, prosesi nutu leuwih didominasi ku awewe, malah asa teu pantes lamun aya lalaki nutu. Nya didieu meureun anu disebut paradok pikeun ngahasilkeun harmoni antara dunya lalaki jeung dunya awewe salaku simbol kasuburan. Hal ieu teu leupas tina sikep primordial urang Sunda anu nganggap pare teh janggelekna Nyi Pohaci Sanghyang Asri (Dewi Sri).
Lamun nilik kadinya sakabeh prakprakan ti mimiti melak pare boh ngahuma atawa nyawah nepi ka nyimpen pare teu leupas tina upacara panghormatan ka Dewi Sri anu dianggap Dewi Pare. Geura we urang tataan hiji-hiji ngaran ngaran Pohaci anu ngaping dina mangsa pare keur dipelak :
Pohaci Terus Rarang nu ngaping pare keur sumihung
Pohaci Rambat Rarang nu ngaping pare keur bijil akar
Pohaci Lencop Herang nu ngaping pare keur jumarum
Pohaci Lenggang Herang nu ngaping pare keur cumanggah
Pohaci Pencar Hurip nu ngaping pare memeh reuneuh
Pohaci Jayang Gini nu ngaping pare keur tungkul ngeusi
Pohaci Tenjo Maya nu ngaping pare keur beuneur hejo
Pohaci Lenggok Kuning nu ngaping pare keur konengna.
Kitu deui dina prakna rek dibuat aya upacarana (Jakob Sumardjo, Simbol-simbol Artefak Budaya Sunda,2003)

Dina mangsa kiwari lisung geus ampir teu dipake, diganti ku mesin heler. Mesin heler nyaeta alat pikeun mesek pare sangkan jadi beas anu digerakeun ku mesin motor make bahan bakar minyak solar atawa bengsin. Pagawean nutu pare ku ayana mesin heler jadi gampang, teu kudu cape luut leet kesang, waktuna singget ngan ukur memenitan. Awewe ninggalkeun imah teu kudu lila, ngan lamun nutu mah teu kudu mayar, ari ka heler kudu mayar, boh ku duit boh ku beas deui. Teknologi ngaganti alat tradisional. Hadirna teknologi tangtu mawa akibat kana kahirupan masyarakatna. Teknologi teu bisa dipungkir tujuanana keur ngagampangkeun pagawean, ngabantuan ngungkulan kahengher fisik manusa, tapi kalan kalan akibat sosialna hese diteguh bakal kamana loyogna.
Ku ayana mesin heler (pagawe mesin heler lolobana lalaki) anu geus ngaganti lisung, kaum awewe anu tadina biasa kumpul tur ngobrol di saung lisung bari jeung teu ngarasa kaganggu ku kaum lalaki, di heleran (tempat heler) kudu pagilinggisik jeung lalaki, ngobrol papada awewe jadi teu laluasa, gosip dunya awewe lir kapendet sungapanana. Saung lisung anu tadina tempat pangulinan barudak jadi di-lurjeun-keun. Barudak leutik leuwih loba cicing diimah dibaturan ku indungna, lahan pikeun hirup sasama barudak geus ilang dangiang, Kaulinan barudak ( Inggris : Games ) anu dilakukeun ku lobaan bari jeung aya sifat kompetisi, diganti ku cocooan ( Inggris : Toys ) anu sifatna leuwih individual.
Teknologi kalawan teu sadar geus ngarobah pola tatanan hirup kumbuh komunitas, ngarobah beungkeutan sosial kultural anu tadina kuat.
Saung lisung anu tadina rame ngelentrung, ayeuna jadi tiiseun. Lisungna ukur cinutrung nungguan waktu, ngantos dawuh iraha bakal burakrak. Halu ukur pasolengkrah arang langka dampal leungeun lanjang nu ngusapan. Nyiru ngalumbruk dijuru arang langka aya nu ngajak cikcrik ngageang sawirahma gitekna cangkeng awewe. Dewi Sri geus tara ngalongokan deui.
Lisung jeung halu ayeuna ngan ukur aya dina kasenian Gondang atawa Tutunggulan, dipakena can tangtu sataun sakali, lisung jeung halu geus robah fungsi ngan ukur jadi tongtonan. Sakapeung ngabagug di gedong sigrong, lisung geus robah fungsi ngan ukur jadi papaes patamanan.

Carita lisung jeung heler, carita parabel modernitas anu mere tangara robahna hiji tatanan sosial ku ayana intervensi teknologi. Ana kitu ari babasan “urang kampung bau lisung”, naha ayeuna dipake keneh..?
Cag.



Mamat Sasmita
email : matsasmita@telkom.net
Nganjrek di Bandung, pamilon Kursus Kabudayaan Sunda I
nu diayakeun ku Majalah Mangle jeung Pusat Kebudayaan Sunda Unpad.
(Dimuat dina Majalah Mangle No.2124, 28 Juni-4 Juli 2007 dina rubrik Dangiang.)


==============================================

Mamat Sasmita
RUMAH BACA BUKU SUNDA
Perumahan Margawangi
JL Margawangi VII No.5
Margacinta Bandung 40287
Tlp 022-7511914
email : matsasmita@telkom.net

73 comments:

  1. Sae Uwa,
    Dugi ka taun 80-an punbiang masih keneh gaduh 2 saung lisung oge leuit. Hiji lisung aya 3 liang, 2 liang bunder hiji liang pasagi. Liang bunder ka-hiji kanggo numbuk/nutu marus(gabah)atawa jublegna, liang bunder nu ka-dua langkung alit kanggo ngasakeun/ngabodaskeun. Liang nu pasagi kanggo numbuk pare gede. Jubleg sareng dulang mah masih aya keneh di bumi punbiang. Haturnuhun

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  2. Hatur nuhun kana komentarna. Ieu mah mung sakadar ngawawaas maneh. Emut keneh waktos nuju alit sok ngingiclik ka pun biang ngiring ka saung lisung.

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  3. alah pami ngadangu lisung teh sok asa kasindiran, bubuhan nuju alit pami heureuy teh sok diledek nganggo lagu 'lisung kadu halu lu..luhur kapal udara ra....jst"
    punteun ah teu nyambng commentna hehe.

    nepangkeun sareung simkuring ti palih kidul

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  4. Hatur nuhun kang Jungjunan....lisung kadua halu lu luhur kapal udara ra ragrag di jakarta ta taun lima hiji ji......abdi gubrag lahir...hir hirup ......he he teu nyambung deui bae...

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  5. Aduh...kumaha nya... abdi mah reusep kana lisung teh kumargi halu na mah gaduh ... he..he...

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  6. Duh .... hade pisan.... Diajar nalungtik budaya Sunda... Neda idin Ngiring Nge-Post deui pa... Sumber blog ku abdi di cutat. Htrnhn

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